Can anybody recommend a domain registrar with an accessible domain control panel?

I use NearlyFreeSpeech.net. It is a web host as well but you can just register domains and point them wherever. You can add records to such as adding auto-discovery records for Exchange server as an example. It is a very simple web interface that all browsers and screen readers can handle. I can't say if it is any better than what you use now. But it is much better than GoDaddy accessibility wise.
Finally I'll say if what you have is accessible and the prices are reasonable it probably isn't worth changing.

I've used HostGator very very recently and for years - their control panel is pretty good and I've had very few issues over the years. I mean there are probably one or two minor accessibility issues here and there, but nothing that prevented me from doing all I needed to do from what I remember.

DreamHost has always been extremely accessible. I've used them for over a decade.

I use NameSilo and can manage everything on my domains; DNS, MX records, etc. They also have the lowest prices I've seen for domains. www.namesilo.com.