issues entering passcode when IPhone has been off

Have you tried just muting your phone at work, or turning on Do Not Disturb? Reason I ask is that I've had the passcode issue too and it drives me nuts. I've been prompted to enter my passcode from time to time even though I have enabled Touch ID and keep my phone on as much as possible. I've tried turning off the passcode setting, but it never seems to work properly. This is one thing I wish Apple would change, although admittedly I have gotten better at entering my passcode. Which model iPhone do you own?

I've experienced something similar, but not with random positions in the passcode. For me, it always occurs with the first digit. Basically, although the audio feedback makes it seem like the first digit is entered, it's not. I've found 2 remedies for this.

As pointed out, you can double-tap the first digit and the touch typing should work from that point on. Alternatively, you can focus on the entry field and double tap there to bring focus to this field. Then your touch typing should work as usual. At least, this has been my experience.

It seems the problem is just that the data entry field does not initially get focus. You can tell this because if you swipe to the data entry field, there will be no stars in the field if you've entered digits unsuccessfully.

Hopefully, I've explained this clearly enough. If not, let me know and I'll try again.